Nordic skiers tend to see a fair amount of moose—after all, they frequent where we like to ski, taking advantage of the easy travel on groomed trails in the winter. But in the Colorado Rockies from May through mid-June, when we’re pivoting to mud-season dog walks and early spring hikes, moose encounters take on a more dangerous edge.
Why May?
Most calves are born in this timeframe, and female moose have a strong maternal drive to protect their calves, especially when they’re very young and vulnerable. Cows are quick to react to any perceived threats, which could be as innocent as a hiker following a trail that comes between mom and calf, or startling moose that are napping in the willows or under the pines.
So even though skiers may have plenty of experience dealing with the more slow-moving, passive winter moose behavior, spring is a whole different playing field. Here’s what you need to know to protect yourself, your dog, and the moose themselves to keep them from being labeled as aggressive and subject to being euthanized and removed by the Department of Wildlife.
What’s the danger?
More people are injured by moose than by bears each year, but moose attacks are less likely to result in fatalities. Since 2017, 21 Coloradans have reported being injured by moose, with more unreported incidents likely. A moose attacks with their hooves, stomping and slashing with their front feet and kicking with their powerful hind legs. Attacks typically begin with a charge, with the moose knocking you to the ground, then stomping and kicking.
And, with more moose and more people recreating in moose habitat, encounters are on the rise. Moose are thriving in the Northern Rockies, with populations growing 45% over the last eight years, largely due to sound management and a low number of larger carnivores, despite the re-establishment of wolves. Moose are densely distributed in the mountain areas that humans love for skiing, biking, and hiking.
How to know if a moose is ready to charge:
There are plenty of behavioral clues that tell you a moose is aggravated and on the verge of charging:
- Long hairs on the hump are raised
- Lip licking
- Ears laid back
- Teeth clicking
- Lowering of the head
- Walking forward/approaching
When you see any of these behaviors, back away immediately.
What to do if you’re charged:
If a moose charges you, run to get behind something solid—a large rock, a stand of trees, a car. Dive under cover or climb to safety; get into a vehicle or a building if possible. If a moose knocks you down, curl into a ball and protect your head and vital organs.
Help a momma out:
Avoid stressing cow/calf pairs with a few simple shifts to your hiking routine.
- Choose your trails wisely. In spring, avoid trails through meadows flanked by willows near water. Dense willow habitat is where cows tend to rest and feed, and it’s easy to surprise a sleeping moose if you’re on a trail run or bike ride.
- Keep a bigger-than-you-think distance. Give a moose with a calf at least 50 yards of space to avoid provoking aggressive behavior.
- Keep your dog leashed or leave them at home during calving season. Most attacks on hikers involve the presence of dogs, which are perceived as threats.
By staying aware, giving moose the space they need, and making thoughtful choices about where and how you recreate, you can safely share the trails with them. Calving time may bring more risk, but it’s also a powerful reminder that we’re guests in wild spaces. With a bit of caution and consideration, you can protect yourself, your pets, and these iconic Colorado animals, ensuring they remain a healthy part of our mountain landscapes for years to come.